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Middle Miocene disruption
The term Middle Miocene disruption, alternatively the Middle Miocene extinction or Middle Miocene extinction peak, refers to a wave of extinctions of terrestrial and aquatic life forms that occurred around the middle of the Miocene, roughly , during the Langhian stage of the Miocene.
Madelaine Bohme〔(Madelaine Bohme, The Miocene Climatic Optimum: evidence from ectothermic vertebrates of Central Europe )〕 observed the occurrence of Varanidae, Chameleon, Cordylidae, Tomistominae, Alligatoridae, and giant turtles which indicate survival through the Miocene Climatic Optimum (18 to 16 Ma) in Central Europe (45-42°N palaeolatitude). A major and permanent cooling step occurred between 14.8 and 14.1 Ma, associated with increased production of cold Antarctic deep waters and a major growth of the East Antarctic
ice sheet. Two crocodilians of the genera ''Gavialosuchus'' and ''Diplocynodon'' were noted to have been extant in these northern latitudes prior to the permanent cooling step then became extinct 13.5 to 14 Ma.
A Middle Miocene delta18O increase, that is a relative increase in the heavier isotope of oxygen, has been noted in the Pacific, the Southern Ocean and the South Atlantic.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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